Written by a parent, not a doctor. Nothing here is medical advice.

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Federal, exists in every state

Tax refunds and treatment-related deductions

A change in earnings can change your tax refund, and treatment costs can affect deductions.

What it is

A change in earnings can change your tax refund, and treatment costs can affect deductions.

Federal credits can rise or fall when annual earnings change. A tax preparer can compare your credits and unreimbursed treatment costs. Medical deductions apply only when you itemize and only above 7.5% of adjusted gross income.

Rules
  • For tax year 2025, Vermont’s refundable earned income credit is 38% of the federal credit with a qualifying child, or 100% without one. Before rounding, the calculated maxima are $649 without a qualifying child, $1,644.64 with one, $2,717.76 with two and $3,057.48 with three or more. These are ceilings, not refund predictions. A preparer confirms residency, earnings, tax identification, other family credits and filing or refund deadlines for the return’s tax year.
  • Only unreimbursed medical expenses above 7.5% of adjusted gross income are deductible, and only if you itemize. Mileage to treatment counts at the IRS medical rate (20.5 cents a mile through June 2026, 23.5 from July).
  • Refundable credits require a filed tax return, including when you owe no tax.
What you get
  • Federal credits, part of them refundable, paid on a filed return.
  • A possible Vermont refundable earned income tax credit, using the rules for the return’s tax year.
  • A possible medical-expense deduction when qualifying unreimbursed costs are high enough to itemize.
What to keep
  • Every bill, insurance statement, parking, mileage and lodging record for treatment trips, from now.
If you decide to apply
  1. Gather treatment receipts, mileage records and income information for the relevant tax year.
  2. Ask your social worker about free tax help, or discuss the records with a qualified preparer.
  3. Ask the preparer to compare Vermont credits and medical deductions before you decide how to file.

IRS: medical-expense deduction · Official page ↗

Missed years
  • Earlier tax years can still be claimed; each has its own deadline.
Good to know

A credit, a refundable amount and a deduction are three different things; a preparer should check them before anyone promises a refund. Today’s benefit-screening income is not the tax-year figure.

Other details
  • Federal credits and deductions change by tax year; confirm the year’s figures when you file.
Official sources
Ask your social worker

“Is there free tax help you recommend, and should we be keeping treatment receipts and mileage for a medical deduction?”

Why I’m asking: We want to claim any refund we are due in a year with different income and high bills.

More background and detailed requirements

How this works

Vermont has its own family and earned-income tax credits, separate from federal credits. Your social worker can help connect you with a qualified tax preparer to check the correct tax year, child’s age, income, residency and tax-identification rules, including any still-open earlier-year refund claim.

For federal taxes, qualifying unreimbursed medical expenses are deductible only when you itemize and only above 7.5% of adjusted gross income. Keep medical bills, insurance payment statements and travel records; a large bill does not automatically produce a deduction or refund.

  1. Ask the preparer which Vermont credits apply for the tax year.
  2. Ask a qualified tax preparer or free tax-help service to review federal credits and your medical-expense records.

Before you start

  • Tax-year income and family rules differ from today's benefit-screening income.
  • Your social worker can help a tax preparer check Vermont credits separately from federal credits, including earlier years still open for a refund.

Tax-year income and family rules differ from today's benefit-screening income.

Vermont credit amounts, child-age cutoffs, income limits, residency and ITIN rules must be checked for the return’s tax year. A federal credit amount or filing deadline is not automatically the Vermont rule.

Special rules govern medical lodging, mileage, employer dependent-care accounts and Medicaid caregiver payments. Have the preparer verify the applicable tax year.

Do not withdraw retirement funds or change ownership of assets based only on an expected tax benefit.

Additional program information and published rules

Who does what

The three parts, side by side. The agency decides; nobody on this page does.

You

Keep the mileage log, parking and lodging receipts and every medical bill; file even in a year you owe nothing.

Your social worker

Points you to a free VITA tax site and, if a parent is paid by Medicaid for home care, to the paperwork that marks that pay as excludable.

The care team

Records and letters when the application asks for them.

Who decides
The IRS, on the return you file
Ask your social worker
“Is there a free tax help site for families here? If a parent is paid through Medicaid for our child's home care, what paperwork marks that pay as excludable?”

How to apply

First step: Start a mileage and lodging log now, keep every medical bill, and ask the social worker for the free VITA tax site near you.

  1. Start a mileage and lodging log the week of diagnosis.
  2. Ask HR about the dependent-care account when a sibling needs paid care so a parent can work.
  3. File even in a year with no tax owed; the child tax credit and earned income credit can still pay.

Where it starts: Federal tax return; free VITA tax sites for lower-income families

What to gather

  • A mileage log with dates and destinations
  • Parking, toll and lodging receipts
  • Every medical bill and the insurance statements showing what you paid
  • The employer's dependent-care account form, if offered

How long: Settled on the tax return for the year. A refund follows filing.

What a yes looks like

A smaller tax bill or a refund that reflects the deduction and the credits.

What a no looks like, and the next move

The standard deduction beats itemizing: the mileage and lodging are then unused, but the child tax credit and earned income credit still apply.

Watch out

  • Throwing away the mileage log. Hospital trips at 20.5 cents a mile (January to June 2026) and 23.5 cents (July to December), plus parking and tolls, add up over a treatment year.
  • The lodging cap is $50 a night per person, meals not included, and only for stays needed for care at a hospital.
  • The $7,500 dependent-care account is for care that lets the parents work, such as a sibling's daycare. It is set up through an employer, usually at open enrollment or after a family change.
  • Not every Medicaid-paid wage is excludable. The exclusion is for care of someone living in the provider's home under a Medicaid program; ask the program for its form.
  • Retirement money is a last resort with tax costs. A medical hardship withdrawal does not itself waive the early-withdrawal penalty. The medical-expense penalty exception covers only qualifying expenses above 7.5% of adjusted gross income; ordinary income tax still applies to untaxed money.
  • The emergency personal-expense withdrawal exception has separate balance, annual and repeat-use limits. Ask the plan administrator or tax preparer before using it; penalty relief is not an exemption from ordinary income tax.

The numbers and the rules

The arcane layer, kept on purpose. Checked September 10, 2026.

What it is worth

Medical costs above 7.5% of income deductible if you itemize; mileage 20.5 cents (January–June 2026) and 23.5 cents (July–December); lodging $50 a night per person; dependent-care account $7,500; child tax credit up to $2,200 a child.

  • $7.5 (only the part above this counts, and only if you itemize) — Medical-expense deduction floor
  • $20.5 — Medical mileage, January to June 2026
  • $23.5 — Medical mileage, July to December 2026
  • $50 (an accompanying parent counts; meals do not) — Lodging away from home for care, per person per night
  • $7,500/year — Dependent-care account (FSA) limit, 2026
  • $3,750/year — Dependent-care account limit, married filing separately, 2026
  • $2,200/year (maximum; not a guaranteed refund) — Child tax credit per qualifying child, 2026

Legal protection: Pay from Medicaid to a parent who provides the child's home care in the same home can be left out of federal income (IRS Notice 2014-7, since January 3, 2014) · That excluded pay can still be counted as earned income for the earned income credit, all of it or none · Parking and tolls count on top of the mileage rate

What it costs the family: None. A free VITA tax site or a preparer can run the numbers.

The eligibility facts, as published

Deduction
itemizers; unreimbursed medical costs above 7.5% of adjusted gross income
Dependent care account
through an employer plan; care that lets the parents work; limited by earned income
Child tax credit
per qualifying child; maximum $2,200 in 2026
Notice 2014 7
qualifying Medicaid waiver payments to a provider living in the same home as the person cared for; not every Medicaid-paid wage

Decisions this site cannot make: The tax return

Expect friction on: Receipts and a mileage log · Itemizing versus the standard deduction

The trap: Throwing away the mileage log. The rate is 20.5 cents a mile for January to June 2026 and 23.5 cents from July; parking and tolls are on top. The lodging cap is $50 a night per person, meals not included.

What changes by state: Nothing here is state law. Some states add their own credits; a tax preparer or a free VITA site can check.

Where I read this

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